Each wind turbine comprises a set of three blades called a rotor which is affixed to the top of a tower. When the wind blows, it sets the rotor into motion, and a steel shaft connects it to a generator that transforms the energy from the wind into electricity. Typically standing between 100 and 150 meters tall, commercial turbine towers house the generator within a structure known as the nacelle, positioned atop the tower. Motors within the nacelle automatically adjust the rotor’s orientation to face the oncoming wind, maximising energy capture. Furthermore, each rotor blade is continuously adjusted by a motor to harness the most favourable wind conditions.
The energy yield of a wind turbine is significantly influenced by the wind speed, leading to the placement of wind farms in areas with strong and consistent winds. Generally, wind speed increases with the height above ground. Therefore, increasing the height of a wind turbine, as well as the length of its blades, can make a significant difference to a wind farm’s energy output.
